Tool identification system



April 6, 1965 R. K. sEDGwlcK 3,175,847

TOOL IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM Filed July 2o, 1962 9 sheets-sheet 1 fr- PG. .Z

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April 6, 1955 R. K. sEDGwlcK' 3,176,347

TOOL IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM Filed July 20, 1962 9 SheetS-Sheeit 5 TOOL NUMBER INVENTOR.

Ffa. l0 BY April 6, 1965 R. K. sEDGwlcK TOOL IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM 9 Sheets-Sheet 6 Filed July 20, 1962 TOOL NQ 1 POSITIONS 0 mm WR 5M B TOOL N0. 31

0 m m m M W TDOL CODE Pos/T/o/vs VALUE oFAcwATED 0 .Sw/Tenes a/NARY C005 TOOL NO. 312

Tool. coo/5 Pos/T/o/vs EW. HC mm W TOOL CODE mm 7c. ,Sedgwick April 6, 1965 R. K. sEnGwlcK TOOL IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM Filed July 20? 1962 9 Sheets-Sheet 7 VALUE 0F ACT UATED SWITCHES BINARY CODE 1 Z TOOL 2 TOOL NO. 93 243 Pos/rions G F E D c B A vALuEoF 0 8 2, sw/Tc//Es 0 16 0 a/NARvcoD/s o 0 0 OZ Z 1 01 TOOL CODE 00L NO. 263 485 0N5 E D C VALUE orAcTuATEo o 0 0 0 0 0 0 32 0 sw/TcHEs 0 0 16 B/NARvconE 0 10 0000o01010 0 1110 TOOL CODE TOOL NO. 813,623

POSITIONS SWITCHES BINARY CODE SWITCHES BINARY CODE I NVENTOR.

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.April 6, 1965 R- K- SEDGW'CK 3,176,847

TOOL IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM Filed July 20, 1962 9 Sheets-Sheet 9 Lag Fl G27 -1 Fl-cRae 16am-7 I7 7 INVENTOR.

` Ffa, Z5 BWW 3,176,847 'IUL IDENTIFECATIUN SYSTEM Robert K. Sedgwick, Waukesha, Wis., assigner to Kearney & Trecker Corporation, West Allis, Wis., a corporation of Wisconsin Filed .luly 20, 1962, Ser. No. Zllll l Claims. (Cl. 2li-1.5)

The present invention relates to a tool identification system and more particularly to an improved identification coding for tools and a cooperating apparatus for individually identifying the tools by means of such coding.

A tool identification system utilizing coding mounted on the tools has been disclosed in a U.S. patent application, Serial No. 802,924, filed on March 30, 1959, now U.S. Patent No. 3,052,999. The number of different tools that can be identified by the arrangement shown in that application is limited by the space available on the coding structure. The increasing popularity of automatic tool changing mechanisms for machine tools has created a demand for a tool identification system capable of individually identifying a larger' number of tools so that each tool that is ever employed in the machine tool can be separately identified. The arnangement disclosed in the above-mentioned patent application is limited for separately identifying large quantities of tools 4in the space available on the tool for receiving the coding structure.

It is therefore a general object of the present invention to provide an improved tool identification system for separately identifying different tools.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved tool identification system capable of identitying an infinitely larger number of tools without occupying a greater amount of space than is required by the prior systems.

Another object is to provide an improved tool identification system including a unique coding structure mounted on the tool and la cooperating selector mechanism adapted to read the coding structure for identifying the associated tool.

Another object is to provide an improved coding structure especially adapted to separately identify a relatively large number of tools while occupying a minimum amount of space on the tools.

Another object is to yprovide an improved tool identification system in which a specific type of coding is provided on the tool for actuating a plurality of switches arranged in a second type lof coding to increase the capacity of the systemV with the switches being actuated in different combinations for identifying the different tools.

A further object is to provide lan improved tool identifcation system that is of simple consrtuction but `very reliable and eihcient in operation.

According to this invention, identification of a large number of tools is accomplished by providing a plurality of identifier members or bits for each tool, with each bit `space being adapted to receive an identifier member. The identifiers constituting external formations are disposed on each bit space according to a predetermined coded arrangement so that the identifiers serve to identify their Iassociated tool. The identifiers are provided in several different configurations and each bit space may have an identifier of any one of the different configurations with each configuration representing a different value. Thus, eachbit may represent different numerical values depending upon the configuration of the identifier that occupies the bit space. The tools are presented to a reading head having a plurality of pairs of switches which correspond in number to the number of bit or identifier members that the tools are provided with. `As the individual tools move past the reading head, each bit or identi- 3,l76,847 Patented Apr. 6, i965 lier member will selectively actuate the switches of an associated pair of switches of the reading head in binary code fashion. Thus, each bit or identifier member having one of a plurality of assigned different values, as represented by the particular identifier member configuration, will Iactuate the individual switches of an associated pair of switches in binary code fashion and the switches cooperate with each other to identify the tool.

The'foregoing and other objects of the invention which will become more fully apparent from the following description of the invention herein illustrated may be achieved by the embodiments described herein and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIGURE l is a view in front elevation of a rotatable tool storage magazine adapted to carry Ka plurality ofv different types and sizes of material removing tools together with a tool selector mechanism positioned to identify each tool as it moves with the rotation of the magazine;

FIG. 2 is ya detailed view in section taken along the longitudinal axis of a toolholder showing a quaternary coding structure mounted thereon;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of one configuration of an identifier member or bit;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a second configuration of an identifier member or bit;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of `a third configuration of an identifier member or bit;

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a fourth configuration of an identifier member or bit;

FIG. 7 is a front elevational view of the selector mechanism with parts broken away to show portions of its operating mechanism;

FIG. 8 is Ia detail view in horizontal section through the selector mechanism, taken along the plane represented by the line 8--8 in FIG. 7, and with a portion broken away to show the lower trip fingers and their associated actuating rods;

FIG. 9 is a view in verticalsection through the selector mechanism taken along the plane represented by the line 9 9 of FIG. 7, showing upper and lower trip finger ar-` rangements, associated switches and actuating mechanism; FIG. l0 is a chart containing exemplary tool numbers and showing their representation by the quaternary coding system for identifying tools from 1 to 1,048,575;

FIG. ll is a chart showing the numerical Values assigned to each of the identifier members in particular bit ticular identifier members shown beneath the switches;

FIG. 22 is a chart showing the numerical values assigned toY each of the identifier members in particular bit positions on the tool for the ternary coding, along with an identication of the selector mechanism switches actu-V ated by each of the identifier members;

FIG. 23 is a fragmentary `View in section taken along i the longitudinal axis of a toolholder showing identifier member configuration for identifying an end mill tool according to the ternary code system;

FIG. 24 is a fragmentary view of a toolholder show-i ing identifier member configurations to identify the end mill tool shown in FIG. 23, according to the quaternary code system; and,

air/sea? FlG. 25 is a diagrammatic view of the electrical control circuit for selecting the desired tool for location at the tool change station.

In present production methods, the use of a single machine tool capable of performing many different metal removing operations and employing different types and sizes of tooisis in wide use to reduce the cost of manufacture and expedite production. In such machine tools, different types of tools, such as taps, drill, milling cutter, etc., are used for performing different machining operations and these different types of tools are of varying sizes. The present invention provides a coding arrangement for identifying each of the different tools and a selector mechanism adapted to read the coding structure for automatically identifying the tools and for selecting the desired tool from a group of tools contained in a tool storage member.

The coding structure comprises a plurality of bits or identifier 'members on a toolholder that is adapted to receive a tool, with the exemplary embodiment illustrated inthe drawings providing ten bit spaces to receive ten bits or identifier members. Each bit space is adapted to receive an external formation cr identifier member that may be of four different forms, two of which have cylindrical configurations' of different diameters 'and two of which have different profiles of the same cylindrical diameter, so that identification of 1,048,575 individual tools is possible. It is also contemplated that the aforesaid ten identifier members orbits canbe employed as two groups of five bits each so that one group of bits will identify a particular family or type of tool. In this combination, 1023 different families or types of identifications are possible. The second group of five bits are employed to identify the size of the tools in each family and is capable of identifying 1023 individual tools. Thus,

vin combination, the 1023 families or types of tools with 1023 individual tools in each family makes it possible to identify 1,046,529 individual tools.

' Referring now to FIG. 1, the present invention is illustrated in conjunction with a power driven tool storage magazine 3d which is supported for rotation on the ma.- chine tool [not shown]. The magazine Sli is provided with a plurality of tool storage sockets 32 each of which is adapted to removably support a tool 35. The magazine 3f) is provided with a tool change station 36 at which the magazine Tiflis adapted to locate a selected tool 35 for a toolchange operation. Adjacent to the tool change station 36, a tool selector mechanism lll is provided and supported thereat on a fixed portion of the magazine. As shown, the selector mechanism 40 is provided with trip fingers, generally identified by the reference numeral Y 45, which are arranged to extend into the path of travel plug y52 against which the inner end of a tool is positioned. As viewed in FlG. 2, the right end of the bore l isv contiguous with a bore 56 which extends rightwardly and outwardly 'to -form a conical opening adapted to receive a split collet 57 having an externally tapered surface complementary to that of the bore 56. The outwardly fiared bone 56 terminates in a cylindrical recess 58 pro- Yvided with internal threads 59 adapted to receive a clamp ring 6l. A circumferentially extending groove 62, formed on the forward or outward portion of the split collet 57,

receives a snap ring 63 carried by the clamp ring 6l. The noseportion 64 of the collet 57 is tapered and is engaged by theV conical inner surface 65 of a plug 66 seated in the Vclamp ring 6l against a radial inwardly extending flange 67 formed in the clamp'ring. The inwardly extending ten bit spaces or positions on the toolholder, which, for the purpose of this description, are identified as A, B, C,V D, E, F, G, H, I and I, starting from theV tool end of the flange 67 forms an axial opening 68 in the clamp ring 6l through which the shank of the tool may be inserted. With the tool inserted into the toolholder, the clamp ring 61 is tightened in the toolholder and the tapered plug 66 operates to move the collet axially inwardly into the tapered bore S6 thereby compressing the associated portion or the collet into tight engagement with the shank of the tool. The conical surface of the plug also engages the tapered nose of the collet to compress the nose portion of the collet tightly against the shank of the tool.

The rearward portion '72 of the toolholder 47 is of cylindrical form that is receivable in the operating spindle of the machine and also receivable in the tool storage socket 32 of the` tool storage magazine 3l), shown in FIG. l. The holder 47 includes an enlarged cylindrical forward por-tion 7S provided at its forward end with threads 76. A circumferential flange 77, having a machined front face '73 is provided on the enlarged portion 7S of the toolholder at the inner end thereof. Forwardly of the flange 77, the enlarged portion 75 oi the holder is provided With a machined cylindrical surface 79 providing for ten Vbit spaces which slidably receive the codeV identifier members or bits 46. The identifier members or bits 416 for each individual tool comprise ten rings which are slidably disposed on the machined cylindrical surface 79 of the toolholder and constitute actuators and identifying means for a ten digit code system. The bit positioned identifier members on the toolholder 47, as shown in FIG. 2, serve to identify the type and size of the particular tool.

Each identifier member may be in any one of the four different forms or configurations that are illustrated in FIGS. 3 to 6, inclusive, and which are identified in the drawings by the reference numbers 0 to 3 respectively. The identifier member or bit configuration depicted in FIG. 3 is of relatively small diameter and is identified as identifier member configuration l). The second identifier member or bit configuration l is shown in FIG. 4. It is of a larger diameter than configuration 0 and is provided with a leftwardly inclined bevel along its left peripheral edge to form a frusto conical surface 81, the large diameter of which intersects the peripheral surface 82 of the ring to the right of a plane that passes through the center of the ring and which is perpendicular .tto its axis. A third identifier member or bit configuration 2 is shown in FIG. 5, and is of the same diameter as the identifier member conguration l. Identifier member configuration 2 is provided with a rightwardly inclined bevel along its right peripheral edge to form a frusto conical surface 33, the large diameter of which intersects the peripheral surface 84 of. the ring to the left of a plane that passes through the center of the ringand which is perpendicular to its axis. Identier member configuration 3 is shown in FIG. 6 and is a symmetrical ring having the same diameter as configurations l and 2. The identifier member configurations tl, l, 2 and 3 all have the same width dimensions so that any one identifier member or bit configuration will occupy only oneV bit space or portion on the surface 79. For this purpose, the width of the machined surface '79 conforms substantially to the spaceV occupied by ten identifier member or bit configurations and this machined surface 79 is divided into ten annular surfaces of substantially equal width extending about the periphery of the toolholder with each annular surfaceY defining an area that constitutes a bit space for receiving one of the identifiers or bits 46. Accordingly, there are identifying member which occupies the particular bit space.

ln order to facilitate the present description, the identifier members associated with a toolholder Will be identified by the general identifier member reference numeral followed by the particular identifier member configuration reference and also the identifying reference numeral, which, in turn, will be followed by the reference ietter for the toolholder bit space in which the identifier member is located. Thus, the particular identifier members assembled on the toolholder 47, shown in FIG. 2, are identified from right to left as` 46-3-A; 46-2-B; 46-3-C; 46-0-1); indi-E; 46-3-F; A16-WG; if-i-H; i6-bl and i6-0J. The identifier members arranged in code fashion, represent a quaternary code which operates to identifiy the particular type and size of tool in the holder. The series of identifier members are retained in selected bit position on the cylindrical machined surface 79 by means of a locking ring 86 engaged on the forward threaded end ofthe toolholder.

Thus, a tool is provided with ten bit spaces, each off which is adapted to receive an identifier member of one of the four different configurations. The arrangement constitutes a quaternary code wherein each identifier member or bit represents one digit of the code because each of the digits may be assigned any one of four different values as represented by the four different configurations which the identifier member may have,

For example, the identifier member in bit position A on the toolholder may have a value of 0, 1, 2 or 3, While the identifier member in bit position B on the toolholder may have a value of 0, 4, 8 or 12. The identifier member in bit position C on the toolholder may have a value of O, 16, 32 or 48, While the identifier member in bit position D on the tooiholder may have a value of 0, 64, 128 or 192. The other identifier members or bits may have four different values, each of which is four times greater than the values for the corresponding preceding bit. Thus, values for the E positioned bit may be 0, 256, 512 or 768; the value for the F positioned bit may be 0, 1024, 2048 or 3072; the value for the G positioned bit may be 0, 4096, 8192 or 12,288; the value for the H positioned bit may be 0, 16,384, 32,768 or 49,152; the value for the I positioned bit may be 0, 65,536, 131,072 or 196,608; and, the value for the l positioned bit may be 0, 262,144, 524,288 or 786,432.

Thus, each identifier member or bit may have four different values and its value is determined by the configuration of the identifier member that occupies a particular bit space or position, Therefore, an identifier member or bit of configuration 0 will express the zero value of a bit, While an identifier member of configuration 1 will express the next vdue of the bit; and identifier member of configuration 2 will express the third value of the bit; and, an identifier member of configuration 3 Will express the highest value for the bit. By totalling the values of each identifier member or bit, as determined by the particular identifier member configuration on the itoolholder, the number of a particular tool may be ascertained. Forl example, assuming that the ten identifier members or bits on the toolholder were all of configuration 3, then each bit Would have its highest value and the values expressed would be 3, 12, 48, 192, 768, 3072, 12,288, 49,152,` 196,608 and 786,432. By summing these values, a value of 1,048,575 will be obtained, which would bie the number or the particular tool.

The selective positioning of the four different configurations of the identifier members 46 in the ten bit spaces of the toolholder 47 in different combinations constitutes a quaternary code for identifying individual tools from lto 1,048,575. The development of the Quaternary code is shown in the chart of FIG. where the individual code expressions for tools from 1 to 32, inclusive,`are successivelyshown; Tool Nos; from 32 to 1,048,575 are selectively shown. VThe quaternary code expression for a tool numberpnot shown may be ascertained by dividing the decimal number of the desired tood` by four and the envase? remainder constitutes the first digit of' the quaternarycode. The answer obtained by dividing the original decimal number, but not including the remainder, is, in turn, divided by four and the remainder obtained from this division is the` second digit of the quaternary code. The answer obtained from the second division, but not including the remainder, is then divided by four and the remainder of the third division is the third digit of the code. This procedure is continued in this manner until all of the digits of the code are calculated. This information can then be utilized for assembling the identifier members on the cylindrical surface 79 of the toolholder 47 in the proper combination for identifying the desired tool.

For example, assuming that the code expression of tool No. 263,485 is desired, the method for obtaining the code expression is as follows:

Vieli/ ig-l-F i/ fgai-o i/f-o-n 4gb-I 0-1- Thus, the quaternary code expression for tool No. 263,485 is 1000110331.

Each vertical column of the chart of FIG. 10, except the first, represents a corresponding bit position on the toolholder and is therefore identified by the same letter or" the alphabet as are the bit spaces or positions. Thus, from the chart of FIG. 10, tool No. 1 is identified by the quaternary code expression of 0000000001, Where the numeral 1 indicates the particular identifier member or bit configuration to be positioned on the toolholder in the bit position A, While 0 represents the identifier member configurations to be positioned on the toolholder in the remaining bit positions. Tool No. 2 is identified by the quaternary code expressioni 0000000002, where the numeral 2 in the A column indicates the identifier mem-' ber configuration that is to be placed in bit position A on the toolholder, While the zeros in columns B to J, inclusive, indicate the identifier member configurations which are to be placed in bit positions B to J, inclusive, on the toolholder.

Similarly, tool No, 3 is identified by' the quatern-ary code expression 0000000003, Where the numeral 3 in the A column indicates the identifier member configuration which is to be placed in bit position A on the toolholder, while the zeros in columns B to J, inclusive, indicate the identifier member configurations which are to be placed in bit positions B to l, inclusive, on the toolholder. p

Thus, the identifier members 46 arranged in quaternary` code fashion on the cylindrical surface 79 of the toolholder 47 serve to identify the type and size of the individual tool retained in the toolholder.

The quaternary code expression indicated by the identi-` fier members 46 on each toolholder is read by the tool selector mechanism or tool indicator 40, shown in detail in FlGS. 7, 8 and 9. To this end, the ten identifier mem-` bers 46 on the toolholder 47 actuate ten cooperating movable trip fingers A2 to i2, inclusive, which form a part of the selector mechanism 40. Such actuation of the tripV fingers occurs as the respective toolholder 47 move past' the tool selector mechanism 40. The trip `fingers A2 to J2 are of triangular configuration cooperatively supported` for pivotal movement and for movement in a direction parallel to their height. `As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the trip fingers are positioned so that the apex of each triangular trip finger is normally positioned to coincide with the center of an associated identifier member on the toolholder. Thus, trip `finger A2 is positioned to cooperate with an identifier member in bit position A on the toolof the tools.

f code.

7' holder, while trip finger B2 is positioned to cooperate with an identifier member in bit position B of the holder, etc. In order to spacerthe trip fingers to correspond with the spacing of the identifier member 46, the trip fingers are disposed in alternate rows of five trip fingers each. The lower row contains trip fingers A2, C2, E2, G2 and l2, whiie the upper row contains trip fingers B2, D2, F2, H2 and I2. The trip fingers A2 to J2 are located within a rectangular recess 88 formed in a block 89 that is rigidly secured in a housing 91 and extends outwardly thereof so as to positionV the trip fingers in the path of movement The two rows of trip fingers are separated from each other by means of a spacer plate 92.

i To maintain the trip fingers in their prescribed locations in the block 89, a dowel 93 is provided for each trip finger. These dowels are fitted into holes provided in the block 89 and each dowel 93 extends through the spacer plate 92 and through an elongated opening 97 formed in its associated trip finger. In this manner, the dowels 93 maintain each trip finger in its prescribed position relative to a corresponding toolholder bit position and each trip finger is normally disposed in a straight forward position, as viewed in FIG. 8, and as exemplified by the position of the trip fingers D2, E2 and J2. However, each trip finger is pivotable to a rightward position, as viewed in FG. 8, and as exemplified by the position of trip fingers B2 and G2, and to a leftward position as exemplified by the fingers H2 and I2. Furthermore, each finger can be moved rearwardly of its normal forward position as exemplifed by the position of fingers A2, C2 and F2.

It is apparent, therefore, that each of the ten trip fingers A2 to J2 can be moved into four different positions and Vthey are shifted out of their normal positions by engagement with the identifier member or bit congurations 1, 2 or 3 as they move past the trip fingers with the toolholders (i7 on which they are mounted. When a bit space on the toolholder i7 contains an identifier member 46 of configuration @the identifier member does not engage the associated trip 'fingerV and the latter remains in its normal position to indicate a Zero for that digit of the quaternary However, the trip fingers are pivoted leftwardly when engaged by the identifies members of configuration 1, the conical surface 81 of which engages the right side of the trip fingers,V a's viewed in FIG. 8, when the tools are moved in their rotational path of travel past the selector mechanism '40, forcing the trip fingers to the left. Rightward pivoting of the trip fingers is effected by identifier members or bits of configuration 2, the conical surface S3 of which engages the left side of the trip fingers as viewed in FIG. 8, as the tools are moved in their rotational path of travel past the selector mechanism. Iden- Y tifier member configuration 3 presents a cylindrical surface 'which shifts the trip fingers in a straight rearward direction when it is moved into engagement therewith. rThus, each individual tool moving past the selector mechanismwill cause each of the trip fingers of the selector mechanism iV to be located in a particular position and the identifier member configurations on each tool holder are arranged according to the quaternary code, shown in the chart of FIG. 11, for identifying individual tools of a plurality of different types` and sizes.

VThe quaternary` code created by each combination of identifierrmernber configurations on the toolholders 47 represents a tool number, and such quaternary code is converted to the binary code representing the same tool number by the actuation of a plurality of switches arranged in binary code fashion.

Each digit of the binary system is either OFF or ON 'as indicated by 0 or 1 respectively. Since there are 1,048,575 individual tools tol be identified, twenty digits of the binary system are provided. r`hus, the binary number 00000000000000000001 will identify tool No. 1, while .the binarynumber 11111111111111111111 will identify tool No. 1,048,575.

s, irene? ON or OFF with the numeral l indicating that the switch is actuated and therefore GN whiie the numeral 0, indicates that the switch is deactuated or OFF In order to accommodate the twenty digits of the binary system, twenty switches are provided so that each represents one of the digits. y

rhe twenty switches of the tool selector mechanism 40 are divided intoV ten pairs. Each pair of switches is associated with a particular bit position on the toolholder and an associated trip finger, and is identified by the same letter of the alphabet as its associated bit space or position but the latter is followed by exponent 3. Thus, as shown in FIG. 9, the pair of switches associated with bit position A of the toolholders and trip fingers A2 is generaliy identified by the reference character A3. The individual switches of the pair A3 are identified by the pair reference character A3 followed by -1 or 2. 1n like manner, the pair of switches associated with bit position B of the tooiholders and trip fingers B2 is generally identified by the reference character B3. The switches of the pair B3 are individually identified by the pair reference characters B3 foliowed by -1 or 2. The other eight pairs of selector switches are identified by the reference characters C3, D3, E3, F3, G3, H3, I3 and I3 with the individual switches of each pair being identified by the pair reference characters followed by i or 2. f

The. individual switches of the selector mechanism are fixediy secured in the selector housing 91 to internal spaced webs 10i to itil, inclusive, which are formed from the interior surface of the vback wall 93 of the housing and extend forwardly therefrom. The pairs of switches B3, D3, F3, H3 and i3 associated with the tip fingers B2, D2, F2, H2 and i2, respectively, are disposed in an upper portion 11i of the housing, while the pairs of switches A3, C3, E3, G3 and I3 associated with the trip fingers A2, C2, E2, G2 and l2, respectively, are disposed in a lower portion 112 of the housing.

As shown in FIGS. 7 and 9, the individual switches of the pairs of switches in the lower portion lf2 of the housing are disposed therein in alternate spaced arrangement in both vertical and lateral directions. Similarly, the individual switches of the pairs of switches in the upper portion 1.11 of the housing are disposed therein in alternate spaced arrangement in both vertical and lateral directions. This arrangement provides a compact assembly while providing sufficient room for individual switch mechanisms. i

The actuating mechanism between each individual trip finger and its associated pair of switches for actuating the individual switch of the associated pair Vis identical and thereforea description of the mechanisrninassociated with trip finger B2 will be given and such description will apply to all trip ngers and their associated mechanisms.

As shown in FIGS. 7, 8 and 9, the switches B3-1 and B34?, associated with the trip fingerv B2 are secured to web 101 on either side thereof with switch B3-1 being located in a plane below the switch BLZ. A relatively Y long rocker arm 115B is pivotally supported on a stub Each digit of the binary code is related to an individual switch that may be either l lshaft 116B which is fixedly secured in the web 4.01 and extends laterally therefrom. One end of the arm B is adapted to engage the actuating plunger 117B of the rearwardly facing switch B32 while its opposite end is adapted to engage the extending end of an actuating rod 118B. The actuating rod 118B is slidable within `a bore 119 formed in the block 89 and is of a length so that its opposite end engages the right corner of the base of the trip finger B2, as viewed in FIG. 8.

A similar arrangement is provided for the switch Bit-1, in that a rocker arm 121B, of relatively short length, is pivotally supported on a stub shaft iJlZZB which is xedly secured inthe web 101 but which extends laterally Vtherefrom in apdirection opposite to the directionV in which the stub shaft 116B extends. One end of thearm 121B is Vadapted to engage the actuating plunger 312363 of the Y rearwardly facing Vswitch B34., while itsopposite end s, masa? engages the extending rear end of an actuating rod 124B, shown in FIG. 8. The actuating rod 12d-B is slidable within a bore 126, formed in the block 39 parallel to the bore X19, and its length is equal to the length of the rod 118B. The forward end of the rod 124B adjacent the trip finger B2 engages the left corner of the base of the trip finger B2, as viewed in EFIG. 8.

With the arrangement described above, an identifier member of configuration 2 disposed in bit position B on a toolholder will effect pivotal movement of the trip finger B2 in a rightward direction about its fixed vertical dowel 93 to the position shown in FIG. 8. In this position, the right hand corner of the base of the trip iinger forces the actuating rod llB inwardly. Such movement of the rod 113B causes it to act against the adjacent lower end of the rocker arm 115B, as viewed in FIG. 7, causing the rocker arm to pivot on thel stub shaft 1MB so that its opposite or upper end will react against the plunger 117B of the switch BLZ, to actuate the switch. During this action, the left hand corner of the base of the trip finger B2 moves in a counterclockwise direction, as viewed in FIG. 8, so that the associated actuating rod i243, FIG. 8, does not move but remains in its forward position as shown. As a result, the associated short rocker arm 121B is maintained in a vertical neutral position, as shown in FIG. 7, so that switch B34 remains deactuated.

On the other hand, if the identifier member in bit position B on the toolholder is of configuration l, it would effect pivotal movement of the trip finger B2 to the left, as viewed in FIG. 8, from a normal forward position. Leftward` pivotal movement ofthe trip finger B2 will cause the actuating rod 124B to move rearwardly thereby effecting pivotal movement of the short rocker arm 121B in a counterclockwise direction, as viewed in FG. 7. Pivotal movement of arm 121B in a counterclockwise direction operates to actuate the plunger 125B of switch B3-1 thereby actuating the switch. With leftward pivotal movement `of the trip finger B2, the right hand'corner of its base -will move in a` clockwise direction, so that the actuating rod 118B remains stationary in its forward position. Thus, the associated rocker arm 115B would also remain in a vertical neutral position so that switch BLZ is not actuated.

However, assuming that the identier member in bit position B on the toolholder is of configuration 3, the trip `ringer B2 would be moved straight rearwardly when it is engaged by the identifier member of coniiguration 3. Such movement of the trip finger B2 causes both actuating rods `118B and 124B to move rearwardly causing both rocker arms MSB and lZlB to pivot in a counterclockwise direction so that both of the switches BLZ and B34 will be actuated.

Now assuming that the identifier member in bit position B on the toolholder is of configuration 0, as the toolholder moves into operating relationship with the tool selector mechanism 49, the identifier member of configuration being of relatively small external diameter would not engage the tip of the forwardly disposed trip finger B2. Thus, both rocker arms 115B and 121B would remain in their vertical neutral position and neither switch would be actuated.

As previously mentioned, the individual switches are maintained deactuated when the individual associated rocker arms are in a vertical neutral position. Also, as previously mentioned, the normal position of the individual trip fingers is a straight forward position, as exemplified by the position of trip fingers D2, E2 and J2 in FIG. 8. This condition is obtained by individual spring members 136 acting against the rocker arms to urge their associated actuating rods forwardly. Each spring 13d is secured to the inner surface of the back -wall 9S of the housing and is adapted to engage the back edge of associated rocker arm, adjacent the end that engages the end of the` actuating rod. The individual springs 13d exert a force upon theend of their` associated rocker arms to urge the rocker arms into a vertical position. As each rocker arm is biased to its vertical neutral position it, in turn, will move its associated actuating rod forwardly or leftwardly, as viewed in FIG. 7. Each actuating rod, in turn, exerts a forwardly acting force upon its particular trip finger. Since each trip finger has two actuating rods associated with it, each of which engages the opposite base corner thereof, the combined effort of both actuating rods of any particular trip inger will cause the associated trip :linger to be urged to its normal straight forward position, such condition being exemplified by the position of trip finger D2 in FIG. 8.

When the coded toolholders are movingin their path of travel and no toolholder is in operating relationship with the tool selector mechanism di?, all the trip lingers A2 to l2, inclusive, will be biased into normal straight forward position. Under this condition, all switches Iwill be deactuated. As the succeeding toolholder moves into operating relationship with the tool selector mechanism 40, the coded tool identifier members` or bits id thereon will engage the trip fingers to move each individual trip finger to the position dictated by the particular identifier member configuration which engages it.

As the tools are moved past the fixed selector mechanism dil under the rotating movement of the tool storage magazine 3d, the individual Quaternary coded tools are read by the trip fingers of the selector. This action effects selective actuation of the plurality of switches in binary code fashion. The switches are a part of an electrical system which receives information that designates which tool is to be located at the tool change station 3d and regulates the rotation of the magazine 3d. When the actuations of the binary switches in the selector d@ corresponds to the number impressed upon the electrical designation circuit, the movement of the tool storage magazine 3i) is automatically stopped with the specified tool in position at the tool change station 36 so that it may be withdrawn fromthe tool storage magazine and transferred to the machine spindle.

Each of the switches in the tool selector mechanism itl is assigned a value in accordance with the binary system, and each switch represents its assigned value when it is actuated or ON When the switch is deactuated or UFR it establishes a zero value for the digit which it represents in the binary system. rthus, each switch can represent two values, one of which is zero for every switch and the other value varies for each switch, depending upon which digit of the binary system it represents.

On the other hand, each bit of the quaternary coded Vtoolholder can represent either one of four values depending upon the configuration of the identifier member do that is placed in the bit space. When the identifier member d6 of the configuration tl is placed in any bit space, that bit space, regardless of which of the ten bit spaces it is, has a value of zero. However, the other three values for each bit space vary from bit space to bit space, depending upon what digit of the Quaternary code the bit space represents, `and the four different values for each bit space or position are obtained by placing one of the four different comigurations of the identier member t6 in the bit space or position. t

As previously mentioned, the twenty switches of the present exemplary embodiment are. divided into ten pairs and each pair cooperates with one or the ten identifier members or bits that form the quaternary code on the toolholder. The four values for each identifier member or bit of the Quaternary code are `established by actuating the two switches that cooperate with that particular combination in four different combinations. The first value of every identifier member or bit, as previously mentioned, is zero. rThe second value of the ,identifier member or bit in the quaternary code corresponds to the binary sys` tern value assigned to the first switch in the pair and cooperates with that particular identifier member or bit.

The third value of the identifier member or bit in the Y li quaternary code corresponds to the binary system value assigned to the second switch in the pair that cooperates with that particular identifier member or bit. The fourth value of the identifier member or bit in the quaternary code corresponds to the sum of the two binary system values assigned to the two switches in the pair.

Accordingly, if zero value is desired for any particular digit of the quaternary code, an identifier member or bit 46 of configuration tl is placed in the associated bit space or position, and when the tooiholder moves into operating relationship with the selector mechanism 40, neither one of the two binary switches that cooperate with that bit space of the quaternary code `will be actuated, to indicate a zero value for that digit. When it is desired that a particular digit of the quaternary code have the second value, an identifier member i6 of configuration 1 is placed in that Vparticular associated bit space and it will actuate the first switch of the pair which corresponds in value in the binary system to the second value of the associated identifier member or bit in the quaternary system. When the third-value of the identier member or bit in the quaternary code is desired, identifier member de of configuration 2 is placed in proper bit position and it will actuate the second'switch of the pair which corresponds in value in the binary system to the third value of that particular bit in the quaternary code. When the fourth value of the bit in the quaternary code is desired, the identifier member d6 of Vconfiguration 3 is placed in proper bit space and it functions to actuate both switches of the associated pair because the fourth value of the Quaternary bit corresponds in value to the sum of the values of both switches of the pair in the binary system. This relationship is best shown in the chart of FG. 11 wherein the four identifier configurations 0, 1, 2 and 3, are indicated at the top of four separate vertical columns. The fifth vertical column indicates the toolholder bit positions A to I, inclusive, with each letter being at the end of a horizontal line to identify that horizontal line as a bit position space. The first four vertical columns, beneath the identifier member configuration headings, lists the value of the binary switches with each switch value being listed in the vertical column that is headed by the identifier member configuration which actuates the switch, and further, with each switch value being listed in the horizontal line that identifies the bit position in which the identifier member must be located to actuate the switch that is assigned the listed value. Y From this chart, the value of a switch that is actuated by any of the identifier members h5 in any bit position on the toolholder d? can be easily ascertained. Of course, if an identifier member 46 of configuration 0 is located in any bit position, no switches are actuated by the identifier member in that bit position and its value is as indicated in the first vertical column of the chart. 1f identifier member 46 of configuration 1 is located in bit position or space F on the toolholdcr 47, the value ofthe switch that will be actuated by this identifier member can be readily determined. Thus, the second vertical column is headed by the configuration No. 1l and proceeding down this column to the horizontal line representing the bit position F, the value 1024 is found for the switch that will be actuated by an identifier member of contiguration 1 in bit position F. By the same token, if an identifier member of configuration 3 is located in bit position D on the toofhoder 47, the sum of the two values 64 and 128 is found in the vertical column headed by the configuration No. 3 in the horizontal line representing the'bit position D. This indicates that an identifier member i6 of Vconfiguration 3 located in bit position D will y simultaneously aetuate two switches, one having an assigned value of Sli and the other having an assigned value of 128, so'that the bit position will produce a total value i of A192.

e Sinceea'ch ofthe switch pairs is identied by a reference character that includes the character which identifies the bit position with which the switchpair is associated, the value of any switch may also be conveniently ascertained from the chart in FIG. l1. Thus, the value of switch A3-1, shown in FIGS. 7 and 9, can be found from the chart of FIG. 1l in the horizontal line representing bit position A and in the vertical column headed by the vconfiguration No. i wherein it is indicated that the value of switch A-, when actuated, is l. Switch BS-Z is also shown in FiGS. 7 and 9, and its value is indicated in the chart as 8 in the horizontal line representing bit position B and in tl e vertical column headed by the configuration No. 2.

To further illustrate the quaternary code tool identification system, `reference is made to FIG. 2, wherein the particular drill shown retained in the toolholder is provided with quaternary coding that identifies the tool as No. 93,243. Referring now to the chart of FIG. 10, in the first column under the heading Tool Number, the No. 93,243 is listed. In the same horizontal line with the No. 93,243 it is indicated that the quaternary code expression for this tool is 0112300323. Relating the quaternary expression 0112300323 to the actual identifier member configurations placed on the toolholder to identify tool No. 93,243, as shown in FfG. 2, it will be seen that identifier members of configurations 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 0, 0, 3, 2 and 3, have been disposed on the holder in bit positions l to A, inclusive, respectively. Referring now to FIGS. 8 and 9, it will be seen that the identifier member of configuration 3 in bit position A actuates switches A3-1 and A37-2 together; identifier member of configuration 2 in bit position B actuates switch B3-2 but does not actuate switch B3-1; identifier member of configuration 3 in bit position C actuates switches C3-1 and CL2 together; identifier member of configuration 0 in bit position D will actuate neither switch D3-1 nor switch D3-2; identifier member of configuration 0 in bit position E will actuate neither switch ES-ltnor switch E3-2; identifier member of configuration 3 inbit position F actuates witches lig-1 and F15-2 together; identifier member of configuration 2 in bit position GV actuates switch G3-2 but does not actuate switch G34; identifier member of configuration 1 in bit position H actuates switch H3-1 but does not actuate switch Hit-2; identifier member of configuration 1 in bit position I actuates switch 13-1 but does not actuate switch 13 2; and, identifier member of configuration 0 in bit position .l will actuate neither switch 1341 nor switch 13-2.

Referring to the chart of FIG. V11, the numerical Values for each actuated switch can be determined as follows:

Summing the numerical values for all actuated switches, the No. 93,243 is obtained, which is the particular desired tool shown retained in the'toolholder of FIG. 2.`

FIGS. 12 to 21, inclusive, show the relationship between the quaternary tool code, the physical identifier member arrangement, the switches of the *selectorY actuated by the identifier members, the binary code expression and the numerical values obtained for ten different tool numbers selected at random. Thus, referring to FIG. 19, it I is seen that for tool No. 263,485, the quaternary tool coding is 1000110331, which is related to the physical identifier member configurations on the toolholder, as

shown. From the line containing the binary coding it is -apparent these identifier members actuate selector switches ALI, 13S-1 and B3-2 together, C3-1 and CL2 together, E3-1, F3-1 and 13-1. The binary number for identifying the particular tool is 01000000010100111101. The numerical values for the actuated switches are: .A3-1 is 1; B3-1 is 4; B3-2 is 8; C3-1 is 16; C3-2 is 32; E3-1 is 256; F3-1 is 1024; and, .I3-1 is 262,144. Summation of the numerical values of the actuated selector switches gives the No. 263,485, which is the tool number.

It is not deemed necessary to describe FIGS. 12 to 18, inclusive, or FIG. 20 and 21, as the explanation given in relationship to FIG. 19 applies to the other exemplary figures.

Instead of numbering all of the tools consecutively from 1 to 1,048,575, as described above, it may be preferable for facilitating tool classification, to divide the tool coding into two groups with the first group identifying a particular tool category and the second group identifying the individual tool within the category. For example, with ten identifier members or bits available on the toolholder for the quaternary coding described, it would be convenient to divide the ten identifier members or bits into two groups of five identifier members or bits each, with the first five identifier members or bits serving to identify the individual tools of a tool classification or category, and the second group of five identifier members or bits functioning to identify the category of the tool. .;i.;Thus, bit positions A to E of the toolholder 47 will receive the coding for identifying the individual tools of each category and bit positions F to I will be coded to identify the category of each tool. Five bit positions of Quaternary coding, as previously described, can represent 1023 different numerical values. Accordingly, this coding arrangement has the capacity of identifying 1023 different categories of tools and 1023 different tools in each category to provide a tool capacity for identifying 1,046,529 tools. Thus, bit positions A toE on the toolholder 47 will be coded to represent the numerical values from to 1023 inclusive, and this coding will be repeated in bit positions F to J to again represent the numerical values from 0 to 1023.

If the coding is divided into two groups in this manner, the assembly of identifier members 46 on the toolholder 47, in FIG. 2, represents a different tool number. Bit positions A to E, which identify the individual tool in a category, contain identifier members that produce the quaternary code expression 00323, which represents the decimal number of 59. The second group of bit positions F to I identify the tool category, and in FIG. 2, they contain identifier members that produce the quaternary number 01123, which is expressed as number 91 in the decimal system. The tool identified by the coding shown in FIG. 2 is therefore tool number 59 in tool category 91.

Other groupings of the coding can be made to accommodate the situation. For example, identifier members in bit positions A to C may be utilized to identify 63 groups, while the identifier members in bit positions D to F may serve to identify 63 different sub-groups. 'I'hen the identifier members in bit positions G to J can function to identify 255 individual tools in each sub-group. With this arrangement, 63 individual groups of 63 different sub-groups, each having 255 individual tools, can be identified to provide a capacity for identifying 1,012,095 individual tools.

By eliminating the identifier member of configuration 3 and employing only the identifier members of configurations 0, V1 and 2, in any bit position on the toolholder,` a ternary coding system is obtained providing a capacity for identifying 59,048 individual tools. With identifier `member of configuration 3 eliminated, simultaneous actuation of the pair of switches of each group of switches A3 `to J3,` inclusive, cannot be effected. For eX- ample, the Aswitch ALI of the group of switches A3 asso mentioned, is` zero.

ciated with the toolholder bit position A will be actuated by an identifier member of `configuration 1; while switch A3-2 of group A3 will be actuated by an identifier member of configuration 2. If bit position A has an identifier member of configuration ti, then neither of the switches A3-1 nor A3-2 will be actuated.. Since the iden` tifier member of configuration 3 will not be employed, the switches A3-1 and A3-2 are never actuated together. As a result, each bit space or position will represent one digit of the ternary code, and will have any one of three different values, as represented by the three different identifier member configurations t), l, and 2, which any bit space may have. Thus, when an identifiermember of configuration 0 is placed in any bit space of the toolholder, that bit position, regardless of .which of the ten bit positions or spaces it is, has a value of zero. However, the other two values for each bit space vary from bit space to bit space, depending upon what digit of the ternary code it represents. i

On the other hand, each of the switches in the tool selector mechanism 4t) is assigned a value in accordance with the binary system, and each switch represents lts assigned value when it is actuated or 0N `When the switch is deactivated,.or CFR it establishes a zero value for the digit which it represents in the binary system. Thus, each switch can represent two values, one of which is zero for every'switch and the other value varies for each switch, depending upon which digit of the binary system it represents.

As previously described, the twenty switches of the selector mechanism 40 are divided into ten pairs and each pair cooperates with one of the ten identifier members or bits that form the ternary coding on the toolholder. Ihe three Values of each identifier member or bit for the ternary code are established by actuating the two switches that cooperate with that particular identifier member or bit in three different combinations. The first value of every identifier member or bit, as previously The second value of the identifier member or bit in the ternary code corresponds to the value assigned to the first switch in the pair that cooperate with the particular identifier member or bit. The third value of the identifier member or bit in the ternary code corresponds to the value assigned to the second switch of the pair that cooperate with the particular bit.

Accordingly, if'zero value is desired for any particular digit of the ternary code, an identifier member 46 of configuration 0 is placed in the bit space associated with that digit, and when the toolholder moves into operating relationship with the selector mechanism 40, neither one of the two switches that cooperate with that identifier member or bit of the ternary code will be actuated, to indicate a zero value for that bit. When the second value of the particular identifier member or bit in the ternary code is desired, an identifier member 46 `of configuration 1 is placed in the particular selected bit space and it will actuate the first switch of the pair which corresponds in value to the second value of the associated bit in the ternary code. When the third value of an identi'- fier member in the ternary code is desired, identifier member 46 of configuration 2 is placed in the proper bit space and it will actuate the second switch of the pair. which corresponds in value to the third value of that particular bit in the ternary code. Y

This relationship is best shown inthe chart of FIG. 22 wherein the three identifier member configurations 0, 1 and 2 are indicated at the top of three separate vertical columns. The fourth vertical column indicates the toolholder bit positions A to I, inclusive, with each let` ter being at the end of a horizontal line to identify the horizontal line as a bit position. The first three vertical columns beneath the identifier member configuration headings list the value of the switches with each switch value being listed in the vertical column that is headed. by the identifier member conguration which actuates them arrasa? i switch and with each switch value being listed in the horizontal line that identifies the bit position in which the identifier member must be located to actuate the switch that is assigned the listed value.

From the chart of FIG. 22, the value of a switch that is actuated by any of the identifier members 45 in any bit position on the toolholder 47 can be easily ascertained. If an identifier member 46 of configuration 0 is located in any bit position, no switches are actuated by the identifier member in that bit position and its value is zero, as indicated in the first vertical column of the chart. If an identifier member 46 of configuration 1 is located in bit yposition E on the toolholder 47, the value of the switch that will be actuated by this identifier member can be readily determined. Thus, the second vertical column is headed by the configuration 1 and 'proceeding down this column, to the horizontal line representing the bit'position E, the value 8l is found for the switch that will be actuated by an identifier member of configuration 1 in bit position E. In the same manner, if an identifier member of configuration 2 is located in bit position F on the toolholder 47, the value of the switch that will be actuated by this identifier member Vis determined from the third vertical column headed by the configuration 2, and proceeding down this column-to the horizontal line representing the bit position F, the value 486 is found for the switch that will be actuated by an identifier member of configuration 2 in bit position F.

Withv each of the switch pairs of the selector mechanism 40 identified by a reference character that includes a character which identifies the bit position with Which thek switch pairs are associated, the value of any switch may also be conveniently ascertained from the chart of FIG. 22. Thus, the value of the switch A3-1 can be found in the chart in the horizontal line representing bit position A and in the vertical column headed by the configuration 1 wherein it is indicated that the value of switch AS-ll, when actuated, is 1. Switch BLZ is also shown and its Value can be ascertained from the chart in the horizontal line representing bit position B and in the vertical column headed by the configuration 2, and

as therein indicated, the value of they switch Bti-2, When actuated, is 6.

To further illustrate the ternary code tool identification system, reference is made to FIG. 23, where an end mill is shown as the particular tool retained in the toolholder and which is provided with a ternary coding that identifies the end mill as tool No. 10,703. As shown in FIG. 23, it will be seen that identifier members or bits of configurations 2, il, 1,0, 0, 2, 2, 1, 1, and 0, have been disposed on the holder in bit positions A to I, inclusive, respectively. Thus, the identifier member of configuration 2 in bit position A will actuate the switch A3-2; the identifier member of configuration 0 in bit position B does not actuate either of the switches B3-1 or 153-2; identifier member of configuration ll in bit .position C will actuate the switch C3-1; identifier member of configura- ,tion 0 in bit position D will not-actuate either switches D3-1 or Dil-2; identifier member of configuration 0 in or E3-2; identifier member of configuration 2 in bit position FV will actuate the switch F3-2; identifier member of configuration 2 in bit position G will actuate the switch GLZ; identifier member of configuration 1 in bit position H will actuate the switch E13-1; identifier member of configuration 1 in bit position I will actuate the `switch 13-1; and identifier member of configuration 0 in bit position I will not actuate either of switches 13-1 or 13 2.

Y Referring to the chart ofy FIG. 22, the numerical values ,Y

foreach actuated switch can be determined as follows:-

bitposition'. E will not actuate either of the switches E3-1 Y 10 GS-z s ri-f 2187 r-i 6561 Summing the numericalvalues for all actuated switches, the No. 10,703 is obtained, which is the particular desired tool retained in the `toolholder shown in FIG. 23. n

To further illustrate the differences between the quaternary coded system and the ternary coded system, identifier members have been shown in bit positions A to I, inclusive, or a toolholder in FIG. 24 which are coded according to the quaternary system to identify the same identical end mill No. 10,703 which is contained in the toolholder of FIG. 23. As shown in FlG. 24, an identifier member of configuration 3 is disposed in both bit Positions A and B. An identifier member of configuration 0 is positioned in bit position C; an identifier member of configuration 3 is positioned in bit position D; while an identifier member of configuration 1 is in bit position E; and, bit positions F and G both have identifier members of configuration Z. Identifier members of configuration 0 are placed in bit positions H, I and J. Thus, from the chart of FIG. 11, there will be seen that an identifier member of configuration .3 in bit position A will have a value of 3; while an identifier mem er of configuration 3 in bit position B will have a value of 12; lan identifier member of configuration 3 in bit position D will'have a value of 192; an identifier member of configuration l in bit position E will have a value of 256; the identifier members of configuration 2 in bit positions F and G will have the values of 2048 and 8192 respectively; While the identifier members of configuration 0 in bit positions C, H, IV and I all have the value of zero. The summation of these values will give the number 10,703 to identify the end mill which is the same number which identifies the end mill shown in FIG. 23, and identified by the ternary coding thereon.

The method for obtaining the ternary code expression for a Vtool number is similar to that previously described in conjunction with obtaining the Quaternary code expression. The ternary code expression for a particular tool number may be ascertained by dividing the decimal num- Y ber of the desired tool by 3 and the remainder constitutes the first digit of the ternary code. The answer obtained by dividing the original decimal number, but not including the remainder is, in turn, divided by 3 and the remainder obtained from this division is the second digit of the ternary code. The answer obtained fromthe second division, but not including the remainder, is then divided by 3 and the remainder of the third division is the third digit of the code. The procedure is continued in this manner until all digits of the code are calculated. This information can then be utilized for assembling the identifier members on the cylindrical surface 79 of the toolholder 47 in the proper combination for identifying the desired tool.

For example, assuming that the ternary code expression for'tool No. 10,703 is desired, the method for obtaining the code expression is as follows:

Thus, the ternary code for tool No. 10,703 is 2010022110. 'Y

The ternary tool coding may also be divided into two p groups with the first group identifying a particularV tool category and the second group identifying the individual toolY Within the category. For example, the ten identifier members or bits available on a toolholder for the ternary coding described can be divided into two groups of live identifier members or bits each, with the first tive identitier members or bits serving to identify the individual tools of a tool category and the second group of live identifier members or bits functioning to identify the category of the tool.

Thus, bit positions A to E of the toolholder 47, shown in FiG. 23, will provide the coding for identifying the individual tools of each category, and bit positions F toJ will be coded to identify the category of each tool. Five bit positions of ternary coding can represent 242 different numerical values. Accordingly, this coding arrangement has the capacity of identifying 242 different categories of tools and 242 diierent tools in each category to provide a tool capacity for identifying 58,564 tools. Thus, bit positions A to E on the toolholder 47 of FIG. 23 will be coded to represent the numerical values from to 242 inclusive, and this coding will be repeated in bit positions F to .l inclusive, to again represent the numerical values from 0 to 242.

1f the ternary coding is divided into two groups in this manner, the assembly of identitier members or 46 on the toolholder 47, shown in FIG. 23, represents a dif` ferent tool number. Bit positions A to E, which identify the individual tool in a category, contain identifier members that produce the ternary code expression 20,100, which represents the decimal number of 1l. The second group of bit positions F to I, identify the tool category and have idcntiiier members that produce the ternary code expression 22,110, which represents the decimal number 44. Thus, the tool shown in FIG. 23 and identied by the coding would be tool No. 11 in tool category 44.

Gther groupings of the ternary coding can be made to accommodate for different conditions. For example,

identifier members in bit positions A to C may be utilized i to identify 26 groups, While the identifier members in bit positions D to F may serve to identify 26 different subgroups. Then the identiiier members in bit positions G to l can function to identify 80 individual tools in each sub-group. With this arrangement, 26 individual groups of 26 diierent sub-groups, each having 80 individual tools, can be identified to provide a capacity for identifying 54,080 individual tools.

An electrical tool designation circuit that operates in conjunction with the tool selecting mechanism or reading head 40 for effecting automatic selection of a desired tool is illustrated in FIG. 25. in the diagram of FIG. 25, the direct current components obtain power from a direct current power line DCI-1 and are connected to ground represented by the line 13C-2. The alternating current components are connected across a pair of alternating current power lines AC-1 and AC-Z, as illustrated in FlG. 25. Each of the electrical components is shown in the wiring diagram in one of a plurality of conductors or lines that are connected across the power lines with each of these lines being identified successively by the numerals L1 to L32, inclusive, so that the components may be readily located in the diagram. The contacts of the various relays are identiiied by the same reference character as theirassociated relay coils with a numerical sufx added for the purpose of distinguishing each individual contact from the others. f

The power lines are energized from a source (not shown) in a well-known manner.

To effect movement of the tools contained in the magazine 31) past the selector mechanism 40, a magazine motor 150, shown diagrammatically in line L3 of FIG. 25 is energized to elect the rotation of the magazine for moving the individual tools contained therein past the reading head or selector mechanism 40. Energization of the magazine motor 150 is effected by depressing the button of a manually operated start switch 151 in line L3. With the button of the start switch 151 momentarily depressed, a circuit is established and current will iiow from the DIC-1 power line along the line L3, through the closed contact of the start switch 151, through the coil of a relay SCRE, and thence to the magazinemotor 150. The current will continue to tiow along the line L3 and through a normally closed contact 4CRE-1 of a deenergized motor stop relay 4CRE, the coil of which is shown in line L28, and thence to ground represented by the line IDC-2. The relay 3CRE, upon being energized, will operate to close its contact 3CRE-1 in line L4, to establish a holding` circuit around the start switch 151 through a conductor 153 and the closed contact 3CRE-1 for maintaining the magazine motor energized upon the release of the button of the start switch 151. With the magazine motor 150 energized, the magazine 30 will be rotated andthe tools contained therein moved past the selector mechanism 40 in a continuous :rotary path of travel until such time as coincidence is obtained between the designation circuit and the selector circuit. When coincidence is obtained, the magazine motor 150 will be deenergized to stop magazine rotation and the selected desired tool will be located in the tool change station. The designation circuit and selection circuit of the control circuit are illustrated diagrammatically in FIG. 25, for operation with the quaternary tool coding and with the tool identifier members or bits divided into two groups for identifying a particular tool category and the individual tool in the category.

As previously mentioned, the selection of a desired tool is effected automatically from recorded data contained on a record such as magnetic or punched tape 156 which is read by a tape reader 157 shown diagrammatically in FiG. 25. Automatic selection of a tool is etected by the closing of a manually operated selector switch 15S in line L2, to complete a circuit to an automatic relay CRA. The energization of this relay will condition the electrical circuit for operation in response to signals `received from the record and the closure of its contact 1CRA-1 in line L1, serves to complete a circuit for effecting the operation of the tape reader 157. The tape reader 157 is electrically connected in the circuit and will operate to produce the appropriate electrical Signals in response to the information contained on the tape 156 for effecting a tool selection operation automatically.

Energization of the relay lCRA also operates to effect a closing of another of its contacts lCkA-Z in line L6, to complete a circuit from the power line 13C-1 so that current will ow along the line L5, through the closed contact 1CRA-2 to a vertical conductor 16110 energize the conductor for the subsequent operation of the various components connected thereto.

in a tool selection operation, the initial step is to indicate in the electrical control circuit which one of the tools 35 is to be selected for location at the tool change station 36. it will be recalled that each of the tools 3S is identitied by a decimal number and is coded in accordance with the quaternary code system having ten digits. Theidentitier members or bits of each of the quaternary `coded tools are divided into two groups of ive identifier members or bits each and are adapted to be moved past the selector mechanism 44B so as to actuate the` ten pairs of switches also divided into two groups of tive pairs in accordance with the binary code system for identifying the tool category and the individual tools in the category. Since each group of switches is provided with ten switches to represent 1023 different numerical values for each group, a capacity for identifying 1,046,529 tools is provided. The binary number of the desired tool may be impressed upon the electrical control system automatically in response to signals from recorded data.

Automatic indication of the desired tool to be selected for location at the tool change station is accomplished through operation of a plurality of normally open contacts 171 to 190, inclusive, which contacts are closed in response to signals from the record, such as electrical 156.` Automatic contacts 171 to 180, inclusive, will be closed in response to a signal from the record, the contacts being closed either singly or in any combination, to indicate the desired tool of arv particular tool cateogry. The contact 171 represents the first digit of the tool binary number and each succeeding contact represents a succeeding digit, with the contact 180 representing the tenth digit. Automatic contacts 181 to 190, inclusive, will also be closed in response to a signal from the record, either singly or in any combination, to indicate the category of the particular desired tool. The contact 181 represents the rst digit of the tool category binary number and each succeeding contact represents a succeeding digit, with the contact 190 representing the tenth digit. These contacts, 171 to 180 and 181 to 190, inclusive, will be closed in response to signals from the record, to indicate the tool category number and the number of the desired tool within the category, in the electrical control system.

With the selector swtich 158 in the 0N position, as previously described, the automatic tape control relay 1CRA is energized so that its contact llCRA-Z in line L6 is closed, thereby completing a circuit to the vertical conductor 161 to energize it so that any of the component relays which are connected to it may be energized `in response to the closing of any of the contacts 171 to 190, inclusive, by the operation of the tape reader 157. The automatic contacts 171 to 130, inclusive, operate to complete circuits for selectively energizing a plurality of relays Alt-CRE, [a2-C B1-CRE, EEZ-CRE, C-CRE, CZ-CRE, Dlt-CRE, )B2-CRE, El-CRE, EZ-CRE, respectively; while the automatic contacts 181 to 190, inclusive, operate to complete circuits for selectively energizing a plurality of relays Fl-CRE, FZ-CRE, Gl-CRE,

GZ-CRE, Hl-CRE, HZ-CRE, lil-CRE, IZ-CRE, J1- CRE and JZ-CRE, respectively. Thus, if tool No. l in tool category No. 1 is desired to be selected for location at the tool change station 36, the automatic contact 171 will be closed to indicate the numeral 1 for the irst digit of the tool binary number and automatic contact 181 will be closed to indicate the numeral l for the rst digit of the tool category binary number. A circuit will therefore be completed from the energized vertical conductor 161through the closed Contact 181, the coil of relay F1- CRE, line L17, and thence to ground represented by the line DC-Z. Energization of the relay Fl-CRE will represent the numeral l in the tirst digit of the tool category binary number. The remaining associated contacts 182 to 190, inclusive, will remain open and their associated relays FZ-CRE to .l2-CRE, inclusive, will be maintained deenergized. Thus, the tool category binary number indicated will be 0000000001. A circuit will also be completed from the,V energized vertical conductor 161 through the closed contact 171, the coil of the relay A1-CRE and thence to ground represented by the line DC-2 to energize this relay. Energization of the relay Al-CRE Will represent lthe numeral l in the rst digit of the bin-ary number that identities the tool in the selected category. With the remaining automatic contacts 172 to 180, in-

clusive, in their open position, the remaining relays A2- CRE to EZ-CRE, inclusive, will be maintained deenergized. Thus, with only the relay Al-CRE energized, the tool binary number indicated will be 0000000001 and tool No. 1 will be indicated as the specified tool of tool category No. l to be selected for location in the tool change station 3d.

It will be recalled that the reading head or selector #i0 was previously described as having ten movable iingers, A2 to J2, inclusive, which engaged the quaternary coding on the tools as they moved in their circular path of travel past the selector. It will also be recalled, that each of the ngers is connected to operate the individual switches of a pair of switches whenever it is shifted by an identier member de.' The twenty individual switches of the selector mechanism 40 are shown diagrammatically in FIG. 25, and as previously mentioned, are divided into two groups of ten switches each, with the switch A3-1 representing the first digit of the tool identifying binary number, switch Ati-2 representing the second digit of the tool binary number, and swtiches E3-1 and E3-2 representing the ninth and tenth digits respectively of the tool binary number. In like manner, the switch F3-1 represents the rst digit of the tool oateogry binary number, switch F3-2 represents the second digit of the tool category binary number, and switches lf3-1 and 33-2 represent the ninth and tenth Vdigits respectively of the tool category binary number.

Each of the switches A3-1 to 13 2, inclusive, operate in conjunction with a normally open contact and a normally closed contact of one of the twenty relays Al-CRE to lf2-CRE, inclusive, with each switch functioning with the contacts of the relay which represents the same digit of the binary number that the switch does. Thus, switch [r3-1, line LZ, operates in conjunction with the normally open contact Al-CRE-Z, line L27, and a normally closed contact Ail-CRE-l, line L29, both of which are actuated by energization of the relay Al-CRE in line L7. Likewise, the switch A3-2, line L28, operates in conjunction with two contacts of the relay AZ-CRE, line LS, one being a normally open Contact A2-CRE-2, line L27, while the other is a normally closed contact AZ-CRE-, line L29. In like manner, the switch B3-1 operates in conjunction with the contacts Bl-CRE-Z and Bl-CR-l of the relay B1-CRE, While the switch B3-2 operates in cooperation with the contacts B2-CRE-2 and BZ-CRE-l of the relay BZ-CRE. In a similar manner, the other switches C3-1 to 13-2 cooperates with the contacts of their corresponding relays C11-CRE to .l2-CRE respectively, as clearly shown in lines L27 to L32 inclusive in FIG. 25. The operation of the switches A3-1 to .i3-2, inclusive, in combination with the operation of the relays A1-CRE to lZ-CRE, inclusive, will indicate in the electrical control circuit when the desired tool is located at the tool change station 36.

In the present example, it has been assumed thatV tool No. l in catgeory No. l is desired and therefore only relays A1-CRE and F1-CRE have been energized. As a result, the normally open contact F1-CRE-2, line L30, is closed and the normally closed contact F1-CRE-1, line L32, is open. Since the contact F1-CRE-1 has been opened, a circuit cannot be completed to a relay ZCRE, the coil of which appears in line L31, which, when energized, indicates that the desired tool category has been selected. Therefore, with the relay ZCRE deenergized, its normally open contact ZCRE-l, line L28, 1s open and a circuit cannot be completed to the coil of a relay dCRE, which, when energized indicates that the particular desired tool of the seiected category is positioned in the tool change station 36.

However, when a tool having identifier members in bit positions A and F that are of configuration 1 and the remaining identier members in Ibit positions B to E, inclusive, and G to I, inclusive, are of conguration 0, arrives at the tool change station 3d, the iinger A2 will be actuated to a leftward position, as viewed in FIG. 7, thereby actuating its associating switch. A3-1, which represents the first digit of the tool binary number. The finger F2 will also be actuated to a leftward position by anV identifier member of coniguration 1 in bit position F,

thereby actuating its associated switch F3-1, which represents the rst digit of the tool category binary number. Actuation of the switch F3-1 will move its cooperating Contact bar 191, line L31, out of engagement with the contact 192 and into engagement with a contact 193. When this occurs, coincidence is obtained and a circuit will be completed to the coil `o the relay ZCRE and current will ow from the energized power line DC-1 through the contact bar 1%1, the closed contact F1- CRE-Z, the contact bar 19d of the switch F3-2, and thence through the contact bars of the other tool category switches, all in line L31, and their associated normally 21 closed relay contacts shown in line L32, to the conductor of line L31, to energize the coil of the relay ZCRE. Energization of the relay ZCRE will operate to close its normally open contact 2CRl3-1 in line L28. With the tool category selection circuit completed and the relay ZCRE energized, and the switch A3-1 actuated by the iden-tiier member of coniiguration 1 in bit position A, the switch contact bar 1%, line L20, is moved out of engagement with the contact 197 and into engagement with a contact 198. Under these conditions, coincidence is obtained and a circuit will be completed to energize the coil of a relay 4CRE, line L28. The current will iiow from the power line DC-ll through the contact bar 196,

the now closed contact Al-CRE-Z, line L27, of the energized relay A1-CRE, the contact bar 199 of the switch A3-2, and thence through the contact bars of the other tool number switches, in line L23, and their associated normally closed relay contacts in line L29, to the coil of the relay 4CRE and thence through the closed contact ZCRE-l to ground, as represented by the line DC-2. The relay 4CRE, upon being energized, will operate to open its normally closed contact bar @CRE-1, in line L3, to interrupt the circuit along line L3 to deenergize the magazine motor 150, thereby stopping magazine rota tion with the desired No. 1 tool of category No. 1 located in the tool change station 36.

Assuming now that the signals produced by the tape reader 157 from the tape 156 are such as to designate tool No. 59 of category No. 91 as the next tool designated for selection and location at the tool 'change station 36. The automatic contacts 171 and 131 will immediately be opened thereby effecting deenergization of the relays .A1-CRE and F11-CRE, causing them to move their associated contacts to their normal positions. When this occurs, the circuit for energizing the coil of the relay 2CRE, line L31, is interrupted thereby deenergizing the relay which thereupon operates to effect the return of its Contact ZCRE-l in line L28 to its normal open position. As a result, the relay CRE is deenergized so` that its contact ECKE-1, in line L3, is returned to its normally closed position `to condition the circuit for a subsequent energization of the magazine motor 150.

Now, the signal produced by the tape reader 157 from the tape 156 and designating tool No. 91-59, represented by the category binary number 0001011011 and by the tool binary number 0000111011, will eiiect the closing of the automatic tool category contacts 131, 102, 134, 135 and 187 to designate the tool categoary as No. 91, and the closing of the automatic tool number contacts 171, 172, 174i, 175 and 176 designating tool No. 59 in the speciiied category. With the automatic tool category designation contacts 131, 102, 184, 135 and 137 closed,their associated relays F1-CRE, F2-CRE, GZ-CRE, H11-CRE and I1-CRE are energized. Energization of relayFll- CRE operates to close its normally open Contact F1- CRE-Z, line L30, and open its normally closed Contact Fl-CRE-l, line L32, while the energized relay FZ-CRE operates to close its contact F2-CRE-2 and open its contact F2-CRE-1. Similarly, energized relay GZ-CRE operates to close its contact GZ-CRE-Z and open its contact G2-CRE-1; energized relay H11-CRE operates to `close its Contact HZl-CRE- and open its Contact H1- CRE-1; while energized relay i1-CRE operates to close its normally open contact I1-CRE-2, line L30, and open its normally closed contact l1-CRE-1 in line L32. Also, with the automatic tool designation, contacts 171, 172, 174, 175 and `176 closed, their associated relays A1-CRE, ft2-CRE, BZ-CRE, C11-CRE and CZ-CRE are energized. With these relays energized, their associated normally open contacts A1-CRE-2, A2-CRE-2, BZ-CRE-Z, C1- CRE-2 and CZ-CRE-Z, respectively, in line L27, are closed, while their associated normally closed contacts A1-CRE-1, A2-CRE-1, B2-CRE-1, C1-CRE-1 and CZ-CRE-l, respectively, in line L29, are opened. However, even though the relays which are associated with the automatic contacts which represent the particular digits of the binary number of the desired tool No. 91-59 are energized, coincidence between the automatic designation contacts and the selector switches is not obtained and a circuit cannot be completed to fthe relay 2CRE because tool No. 91-59, which is the designated desired tool, is not in the tool change station. The previous tool No. 1-1 is still located therein thereby maintaining the switches E3-1 and A3-1 actuated. Thus, the `contact bar 191, line L31, of switch F3-1 is maintained in engagement with the contact 193, but the switches F3-2 to 13-2, inclusive, are not actuated so that their contactbars, line L31, are in their normal positions in engagement with contacts 201 to 209, inclusive, respectively. Similarly, the contact bar 196, line L23, of switch A3-1 is maintained in engagement with the contact 19S, but the switches A3-2 to EL3-2, inclusive, are not actuated so that their contact hars, in line L23, are in their normal positions in engagement with contacts 211 to 219, inclusive, respectively.

Accordingly, coincidence does not `exist between the contacts of the relays All-CRE to lf2-CRE and their associated switches in lines L27 to L32 so that a circuit is not completed to the coil of relay ZCIRE. With the reiay ZCRE deenergized its contact 2CRE-1, in line L23,

is in open position so that the coil of the relay ACRE cannot be energized. With the relay 4CRE deenergized, its Contact 4CRE-1, line L3, is in its normally closed position to condition the magazine motor circuit for the subsequent tool selection operation of the motor.

With tool No. 91-59,.represented by the tool category binary number 0001011011 and the individual tool binary number 0000111011, impressed on the designation circuit as the next desired tool to be selected by the selective actuation of the switches 171 to 190, the button of the manual start switch 151, line L3, is depressed to energize the magazine motor to drive the magazine 30 in its rotational movement. When the tool No. 91-59 carried in the magazine is moved to the tool change station 36, the identifier members of configurations 3, 2, 1 and 1 in bit positions F, G, H and I, respectively, will cause switches F11-1, F3-2, Gli-2, H3-1 and 13-1 to be actuated. These switches represent the first, second, fourth, iifth and seventh digits, respectively, of the tool category binary number 0001011011, which represents tool category No. 91.

Thus, with the relays Fl-CRE, FZ-CRE, G-CRE, L11-CRE and lit-CRE previously energized, and wtih switches F3-1, F3-2, (i3-2, H3-1 and 13-1 actuated, coincidence is obtained and a circuit is completed to energize the coil of relay ZCRE. With the relay ZCRE energized, it operates to move its contact 2CRE-1, line L23, to closed position to indicate that the correct tool category selection has been completed.

Closing of contact 2CRE-1, line L28, completes the tool selection circuit because the identifier members in bit positions A, B and C are of configurations 3, 2 and 3 respectively, and cause switches .A3-1, A3-2, B3-2, C3-1 and C3-2 to be actuated, as previously described.` With the relays P11-CRE, AZ-CRE, B2-CRE, C1-CRE and C2- CRE having been previously energized, and with switches .A3-1, A3-2, BLZ, C3-1 and C3-2 actuated, coincidence is obtained in this circuit and the `stop relay 4CRE is en* ergized. With relay 4CRE energized, `it will operate to rmove its contact CRE-1, line L3, to open position to break the circuit to the magazinemotor 150 and rotation of the magazine 30will stop with the desired tool No. 91-59 in the tool change station 36.

The electrical control circuit illustrated as FG. 25 is, as previously mentioned, adapted to operate in conjunction with tool coding in which the identifier members or lbits are divided into two groups to identify tool category and the individual tools in the category. However, if the tool numbers are to be` identiiied successively, the `selector switches A3-1 to 1?-2, in lines L23` and L31, would 

1. IN A TOOL SELECTION MECHANISM FOR SELECTING A DESIRED TOOL FROM A GROUP OF TOOLS; A TOOL STORAGE MEMBER CARRYING THE GROUP OF TOOLS AND BEING MOVABLY SUPPORTED FOR MOVING THE TOOLS THROUGH A TOOL SELECT STATION; A SOURCE OF POWER CONNECTED TO DRIVE SAID STORAGE MEMBER IN ITS PATH OF TRAVEL; A PLURALITY OF DESIGNATION ELEMENTS EACH HAVING MEANS ACTUATABLE IN DIFFERENT COMBINATIONS IN ACCORDANCE WITH A FIRST NUMBERING SYSTEM TO DESIGNATE THE NUMBER OF THE TOOL TO BE LOCATED AT THE TOOL SELECT STATION; A PLURALITY OF ELECTRICAL CONTROL ELEMENTS ACTUATABLE IN DIFFERENT COMBINATIONS IN ACCORDANCE WITH SAID FIRST NUMBERING SYSTEM, SAID DESIGNATION AND CONTROL ELEMENTS BEING CONNECTED TO REGULATE SAID SOURCE OF POWER TO TERMINATE THE MOVEMENT OF SAID STORAGE MEMBER WHEN SAID CONTROL ELEMENTS ARE ACTUATED IN THE COMBINATION THAT COINCIDES WITH THE COMBINATION OF ACTUATED DESIGNATION ELEMENTS; AND ACTUATING MEANS MOUNTED ON EACH OF THE TOOLS IN CODE FASHION IN ACCORDANCE EITH A SECOND NUMBERING SYSTEM TO ACTUATE SAID CONTROL ELEMENTS AS THE TOOLS MOVE PAST SAID CONTROL ELEMENTS TO TERMINATE THE MOVEMENT OF SAID STORAGE MEMBER WHEN THE DESIRED TOOL ARRIVES IN SAID TOOL SELECTED STATION. 